Current Situation: The International Labor Organization (ILO) has recently published a report on employment. In which it has been said that the level of unemployment in India has increased by one level this year as compared to last year. According to the report, 1 crore 83 lakh people were unemployed in 2017, now i.e. in the year 2018, the number of unemployed people has increased to 1.86 million. Labor Minister Santosh Gangawar has said that despite the steady increase in the level of unemployment, the government is not taking any concrete steps.
According to the India Employment 2016 report there were 11 crore 70 lakh unemployed in India. Of which 1 crore 30 lakh were openly, 5 crore 20 lakh disguised unemployment and the same 5 crore 20 lakh such women. All these figures which did not work, have been shared by economist Mohan Guruswami during the India Today Conclave. He said that 11 crore 70 lakh people out of the total population of 1.3 billion in India have not got jobs even today. If we look at the report of the Labor Bureau, then according to the data, India has become the most unemployed country in the world. According to the report, 11 percent of India’s population is unemployed about 120 million people.
Only 1 lakh 35 thousand people have got jobs in the year 2015, according to the report, 550 jobs are ending every day. The labor employment report says that self-employment opportunities have decreased and jobs have decreased. The same UN Labor Organization report said that in 2018, unemployment levels in India may increase, as we are seeing today, for the first 4 months of 2017, CMIE (Center for Monitoring India Economy Pvt. Ltd) conducted a survey in which it was found that between January and April, about 1.5 million people have lost jobs and unemployment levels have increased.
Politicization: – At present, the issue of labor benefits/employment is an important issue for the parties/government. Under which the government makes big promises to give jobs to the youth. After joining the government, the vacancies to which the government is admitted. In them, she herself manages to get commission benefits. This is a great irony of the country. That is the name of giving jobs, a little cheating of the youth. Waste of youth’s money and time. Making youth mentally ill. And exploiting them. It has become common.
Labor and Employment Solution Policy 2019
Indian identity eligibility numbers will ensure this. That there are so many youths in the country who are unemployed, who have no source of income. In this case, in the event of clear data, the Ministry of Labor will be able to make transparent plans for employment and make transparent appointments.
Labor and Employment Management:
In our system, we will release an application for the management of labor and employment. Under which all the departments/institutions / private institutions of the country will be empaneled. On the basis of this panel, the department / institution / private institution will invite vacant posts / manage the examination / result / appointment / pension etc. With which the data of the government and private institutions of the country and the people working in them are clear.
Through this process, how many posts are vacant in government and private institutions of the country, it will be known. In this way, the department will be able to do proper management to fill the vacant posts. In this way, the government will be able to act as a transparent system. The government will distribute it in three phases.
First: To do all the paneling to all government / non-government / private institutions of the country. Second: clear data of people working as organized and unorganized workers of the country. Making people dependent on employment and self-employment.Third: Integrating all the appointment arrangements in the country.
Current status and improvement policy of employed persons and unemployed as organized and unorganized workers of the country: –
Organized workers: Those establishments mainly come under the organized sector. Which is covered under the Factory Act of 1948, Acts relating to shops and commercial establishments of State Governments, Industrial Employment Standing Order Act, 1946, etc. A framework is already prepared for this area. Through which social security benefits are provided to the workers falling under these Acts. The benefit of the institutional social security system is provided through EPFO and ISIC schemes. With the integration of institutions in this system, the status of organized workers will continue to be clear.
Unorganized Workers: – Unorganized workers means those workers. Which has no composition? Or you can say that they do not work regularly in any organization. Those who work in unorganized or unregulated industries. As a result, they do not get any facility under the provisions of the Factories Act 1948. Because their employment is temporary. And various types of facilities are denied by employers. Who could not organize themselves to achieve their common objectives? Because their employment is of an accidental nature, they have illiteracy and ignorance, in the establishments in which they are employed. Their executive investment is very low and their size is also small. Their establishments are dispersed rather than centralized and their employer or collective power is superior.
An actual number of unorganized workers According to the National Sample Survey 1999-2000, 36.9 crore workers are employed in the unorganized sector in India, while 2.8 crore in the organized sector means 92.9 percent of the total labor force is in the unorganized sector. Only 7.1 percent of the workers are employed in the organized sector, to which the Minimum Wages Act is applicable and various types of facilities are implemented by the employers, while 92.9 percent of the workers are employed in the unorganized sector. They have been denied various facilities due to the non-implementation of the Minimum Wages Act. Which is as follows: –
All unorganized sector enterprises are included in the unorganized sector. Those who are owned by individuals or families and after the services and sales, and in which less than 10 people are employed. In which employment is seasonal and temporary in nature. The mobility of workers is more. The arbitrary is determined arbitrarily. The nature of work is scattered, labor is irregular, there is a lack of organizational support, the ability to negotiate is low among these workers.
Many of these types of problems remain with these workers. Which makes this area vulnerable to socio-economic difficulties. The nature of work in the unorganized sector is different between rural and urban areas. Ranging from remote rural areas to highly congested urban areas. This includes landless agricultural laborers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers, people engaged in animal husbandry, fish industry, horticulture, beekeeping, and toddy farming, forest workers, rural artisans, etc. in rural areas.
In this way, the region consists of very small units producing and distributing goods and providing services. And is mostly related to independent self-employed individuals. They employ mutual labor. Work with very little capital and use very low-level technology. The region is also a mixed area and is a small modern manufacturing and service entrepreneur. So in the same urban areas, mainly in construction, carpentry, transport, communication, etc., along with physical labor, hawkers selling goods, hawkers, head workers, cobblers, tin-workers, street vendors, shoes polished Loggers, garbage pickers, fleas, hawkers, rickshaw pullers, small business, and commercial entrepreneurs small scale transport drivers, roadside dhabas, paan shops, small bakeries, food processing units, leather goods, clothing manufacturers Etc.
Social Insecurity: – Workers have to face different types of weaknesses and risks to both the classes and hence they are termed as weaker sections of the society. They face two types of vulnerabilities – job insecurity or social insecurity, or both.
Such workers are regular workers in the unorganized sector. Who works for others. These workers have to face social insecurity and do not receive any social security for illness, injury, or old age. In contrast, temporary workers or daily wage laborers face both types of insecurity of job insecurity and social insecurity. Which is as follows: –
The income of workers in the unorganized sector is not only lower than in the organized sectors. But many times they are so low that they are not even able to maintain the minimum standard of living. Sometimes due to lack of employment throughout the year in agriculture and construction, the entire income gets reduced even more.
Unorganized workers do not get job security because the nature of their employment is temporary. Such as in agriculture and construction, because they are employed for most of the time in employment related to construction and services. But they can be fired at any time by employers.
They cannot avail of some general welfare-related facilities provided by the government. For example, due to the inability to find housing in the under-served area in the city, they cannot avail of public facilities and services like roads, electricity, drinking water, school, and hospital, etc. and they are also not benefited from assisted housing schemes.
Unorganized workers cannot organize into unions to secure their salaries and working conditions and have to depend on the fluctuations of the labor market. Which usually runs contrary to them.
Unorganized workers are not administered by labor union-related Acts. Because such Acts are established in the places where they are employed. Does not apply there. Therefore their salary and working conditions are not protected. They do not get the benefits of medical, care, accident reimbursement benefits, salary including leave and retirement, etc.
Reform policy for unorganized workers: – I have said in the above. The basis of any transparent policy can be based only on clear data. Which will be clear daily by Indian identification number. We will form the LAEA (Labor and Employment Authority) for workers. Which will keep the figures of each organized and unorganized labor of the country? Through which we will continue to know how many people in the country are working in an unorganized manner. This is how the government aims. To raise their social and economic status and standard of living in the mainstream of society.
We have designed an application for workers working in the unorganized sector. Under which, workers working as temporary bodies such as agricultural laborers, laborers engaged in all construction works, etc. will be empaneled. Under which the workers will have complete control over the actual situation and their daily labor tasks.
In this way, it will be ensured. That every laborer can get employment for 25 days in a month. In this system, there will be no need for a person to find laborers for the construction of their private bodies, for agriculture, farming, etc. In this process, one can quickly see the details of all the workers in their field. Can keep them for their work according to daily / weekly, monthly, and hourly.
In this system, the wage system for the workers less than the work will be eliminated. The number of days a worker will work. There will be a transparent assessment of work at all times. Thus, if the laborer completes 25 days of work, then the wage value of 5 days will be given by our government. Which will be provided only to agricultural laborers and laborers engaged in construction work.
In this process, workers will be given complete freedom to work. Currently, no work can be taken for more than eight hours. But with the introduction of this system, workers can work overtime. The only condition is, it is mandatory to give a healthy fitness certificate to the owner. The worker can choose hourly, day war, weekly, monthly, and yearly options.
In order to improve the social status of workers, the government has already ensured the provision of insurance for the people of the poverty line on the Indian identity number from the point of view of social security. Under this, health insurance, accident insurance, children’s education, and nutrition, the children will get benefits after 21 years (21 lakhs).
असंगठित श्रमिकों के लिए न्यूनतम वेतन सारणीः-
| क्र0 | Job description | Minimum wage | all the time | Part time / Over time |
| 1. | Agricultural laborers engaged in all kinds of construction work, shops, establishments, and laborers working in homes and people working in houses, etc. | Rs. 350 | Time 8 hours | Rs 44 per hour |
| 2. | People engaged in construction work, mistry engaged in small scale industries, small business etc. | Rs. 500 | Time 8 hours | Rs 63 per hour |
| 3. | All types of drivers | Rs. 600 | Time 8 hours | Rs 75 per hour |
Third Examination and Placement Management: – Through this system, we will conduct examinations in a modern way. All examinations will be conducted from the district of the applicant itself. Also, oral examinations will be managed from the district itself. For this, the service plan centers operated at the district level will be modernized. In this way, we will manage the appointments on vacant posts of all government or private institutions of the country from the employment centers of the district itself.
Results and appointment: – Results of this process will be given immediately. The appointment letter will be sent to them through modern means.
Employment at home: Things that a person can do at home. Especially in the IT sector etc. Even today these works are done in large numbers. Which is done by some foreign and domestic companies. Our government will give permanent recognition to the remote work process. Under this, companies in the IT sector will be promoted. In this way, any person will be able to stay at home according to the remote process. With the introduction of this system, there will be no need for large offices to open an IT company. Companies can recruit youth in the country according to full-time and part-time. So that more and more people can be linked with employment.